Reasons for Early Embryo Arrest
Cell division in a human embryo occurs about 24 hours after the egg is fertilized. However, some couples may be disappointed when they find that the embryo stops growing, stops developing, and dies within a few days after fertilization. The reasons for early embryo arrest are as follows:
- Sperm has epigenetic abnormalities (regulators of gene expression) where histones that bind to DNA in the sperm head are replaced by protamine 1 and 2 (P1 and P2) with a ratio of P1:P2 of approximately 0.54 – 1.43. However, in cases where the ratio is too high or too low, it may cause problems with low fertilization rates, poor embryo quality, and low embryo implantation rates.
- Sperm immunity, such as immunity may bind to proteins that control cell division (CS1) or bind to proteins that control embryo development (Oct-3), causing the embryo not to divide.
- The embryo has fewer defense mechanisms against free radicals that occur in the body (Reactive oxygen species: ROS), such as a lack of glutathione, which causes oxidative DNA damage.
- Genetic abnormalities, such as the lack or abnormal function of certain enzymes required for cell division or embryo development, such as enzymes involved in embryo metabolism.
- Maternal age may also be a factor in determining the quality of the embryo. Although the embryo has normal chromosomes, it will have a lower implantation capacity than embryos of younger women, which may be related to mitochondrial degeneration, low maternal mRNA accumulation, abnormalities in the post-transcription process, etc.
Jitlada Udompol
Embryologist
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