Not only aging, but infertility may come from unhealthy habits such as drinking alcohol or smoking. These are greater risks of infertility in both males and females.

• Drinking alcohol

Even a small amount of alcohol consumption can affect reproductive performance of males and females. It is more difficult to get pregnant. Moderate to heavy alcohol intake may lead a greater risk of pregnancy lost or preterm labor.

Moreover, drinking alcohol can affect hormonal system secreted by pituitary gland as well as hormones that control the ovarian performance. Therefore, females may have some issues before and after ovulation including endometrial abnormalities. Males who drink alcohol in moderate to excessive amount are more likely to have liver disorders. Increasing estrogen in males will cause low sperm count and poor sperm quality.

• Smoking

Obvious evidence has proved that quitting the smoking habit, marijuana, coffee or drug use can increase the chance of having babies. Since the smoking will affect reproductive performance of males and females. The effects of cigarette smoking on male fertility are including lower sperm production, poor sperm motility, abnormal sperm morphology. Leading to the abnormal fertilization.

For females, smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of abortion. Although they might attend the in vitro fertilization treatment called “ICSI” but the success rate is low. Because nicotine from smoking habit may harm female’s eggs. Causing the abnormalities in DNA consequently.